PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.